Welcome to the /r/Bitcoin Sticky FAQYou've probably been hearing a lot about Bitcoin recently and are wondering what's the big deal? Most of your questions should be answered by the resources below but if you have additional questions feel free to ask them in the comments.It all started with the release of Satoshi Nakamoto's whitepaper however that will probably go over the head of most readers so we recommend the following articles/books/videos as a good starting point for understanding how bitcoin works and a little about its long term potential:Article: The Bullish Case for BitcoinBook: The Bitcoin StandardVideo 1: Introduction to Bitcoin - Andreas AntonopoulosVideo 2: The Stories We Tell About Money - Andreas AntonopoulosVideo 3: The Trust MachineVideo 4: Bitcoin 101 - Balaji SrinivasanSome other great resources include Lopp.net, Gigi's resource page, and James D'Angelo's Bitcoin 101 Blackboard series.Some excellent writing on Bitcoin's value proposition and future can be found at the Satoshi Nakamoto Institute.Some Bitcoin statistics can be found here, here and here. Developer resources can be found here. Peer-reviewed research papers can be found here, also course lectures from the Princeton crypto series.Potential upcoming protocol improvements and scaling resources here and here.The number of times Bitcoin was declared dead by the media can be found here (LOL!)Key properties of BitcoinLimited Supply - There will only ever be 21,000,000 bitcoin created and they are issued in a predictable fashion, you can view the inflation schedule here. Once they are all issued Bitcoin will be truly deflationary. The halving countdown can be found here.Open source - Bitcoin code is fully auditable. You can read the source code yourself here.Accountable - The public ledger is transparent, all transactions are seen by everyone.Decentralized - Bitcoin is globally distributed across thousands of nodes with no single point of failure and as such can't be shut down similar to how Bittorrent works. You can even run a node on a Raspberry Pi.Censorship resistant - No one can prevent you from interacting with the bitcoin network and no one can censor, alter or block transactions that they disagree with, see Operation Chokepoint.Push system - There are no chargebacks in bitcoin because only the person who owns the address where the bitcoin resides has the authority to move them.Low fee scaling - Fees are chosen by the sender - you can choose your own fee. An appropriate fee for an on-chain transaction depends on network demand and how much priority you wish to assign to the transaction. Most wallets calculate on chain fees automatically but you can view fee estimates here and mempool activity here. On chain fees may rise occasionally due to network demand, however instant micropayments that do not require confirmations are happening via the Lightning Network, a second layer scaling solution currently rolling out on the Bitcoin mainnet.Borderless - No country can stop it from going in/out, even in areas currently unserved by traditional banking as the ledger is globally distributed.Trustless - Bitcoin solved the Byzantine's Generals Problem which means nobody needs to trust anybody for it to work.Pseudonymous - No need to expose personal information when purchasing with cash or transacting.Secure - Blocks and transactions are cryptographically secured (using hashes and signatures) and can’t be brute forced or confiscated with proper key management such as hardware wallets.Programmable - Individual units of bitcoin can be programmed to transfer based on certain criteria being metNearly instant - From a few seconds on the lightning network to a few minutes on-chain depending on need for confirmations. Transactions are irreversible by normal users after one confirmation and irreversible by anyone (including miners) after 6 confirmations.Peer-to-peer - No intermediaries taking a cut, no need for trusted third parties.Portable - Bitcoin are digital so they are easier to move than cash or gold. They can be transported by simply carrying a seed (a string of 12 to 24 words) on a device or by memorizing it for wallet recovery (while cool, memorizing is generally not recommended due to potential for forgetting the seed and the potential for insecure key generation by inexperienced users. Hardware wallets are the preferred method for most users for their ease of use and additional security).Scalable - While the protocol is still being optimized for increased transaction capacity, blockchains do not scale very well, so most transaction volume is expected to occur on Layer 2 networks built on top of Bitcoin.Divisible - Each bitcoin can be divided down to 8 decimals, which means you don't have to worry about buying an entire bitcoin.Designed Money - Bitcoin was created to fit all the fundamental properties of money better than gold or fiatWhere can I buy bitcoin?Bitcoin.org and BuyBitcoinWorldwide.com are helpful sites for beginners. You can buy or sell any amount of bitcoin (even just a few dollars worth) and there are several easy methods to purchase bitcoin with cash, credit card or bank transfer. Some of the more popular resources are below, also check out the bitcoinity exchange resources for a larger list of options for purchases.Cash appGeminiSwanRiver FinancialBitstampBitFinexXapoKrakenCexLocalBitcoinsLibertyXP2P exchange list (decentralized)Here is a listing of local ATMs. If you would like your paycheck automatically converted to bitcoin use Bitwage.Note: Bitcoin are valued at whatever market price people are willing to pay for them in balancing act of supply vs demand. Unlike traditional markets, bitcoin markets operate 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.Securing your bitcoinWith bitcoin you can "Be your own bank" and personally secure your bitcoin OR you can use third party companies aka "Bitcoin banks" which will hold the bitcoin for you.If you prefer to "Be your own bank" and have direct control over your coins without having to use a trusted third party, then you will need to create your own wallet and keep it secure. If you want easy and secure storage without having to learn computer security best practices, then a hardware wallet such as the Trezor, Ledger or ColdCard is recommended. Alternatively there are many software wallet options to choose from here depending on your use case.If you prefer to let third party "Bitcoin banks" manage your coins, try Gemini but be aware you may not be in control of your private keys in which case you would have to ask permission to access your funds and be exposed to third party risk. There is a saying in the community, "Not your keys, not your coins" meaning if you don't store your coins in a wallet that you control the keys to then you do not really own your bitcoin as you have to ask permission from the third party in order to move them.Note: For increased security, use Two Factor Authentication (2FA) everywhere it is offered, including email!2FA requires a second confirmation code or a physical security key to access your account making it much harder for thieves to gain access. Google Authenticator and Authy are the two most popular 2FA services, download links are below. Make sure you create backups of your 2FA codes.Google AuthAuthyOTP AuthandOTPAndroidAndroidN/AAndroidiOSiOSiOSN/APhysical security keys (FIDO U2F) offer stronger security than Google Auth / Authy and other TOTP-based apps, because the secret code never leaves the device and it uses bi-directional authentication so it prevents phishing. If you lose the device though, you could lose access to your account, so always use 2 or more security keys with a given account so you have backups. See Yubikey or Titan to purchase security keys.Both Coinbase and Gemini support physical security keys.Watch out for scamsAs mentioned above, Bitcoin is decentralized, which by definition means there is no official website or Twitter handle or spokesperson or CEO. However, all money attracts thieves. This combination unfortunately results in scammers running official sounding names or pretending to be an authority on YouTube or social media. Many scammers throughout the years have claimed to be the inventor of Bitcoin. Websites like bitcoin(dot)com and the btc subreddit are active scams. Almost all altcoins (shitcoins) are marketed heavily with big promises but are really just designed to separate you from your bitcoin. So be careful: any resource, including all linked in this document, may in the future turn evil. As they say in our community, "Don't trust, verify".Avoid using ad-based search engines like Google or Yahoo: ads are shown based on how much the advertiser bids, and scammers can easily outbid legitimate providers for ad space, since immoral ways of earning money are far more lucrative than moral ways. Use DuckDuckGo instead, which has no ads, and never tracks you as well.Ignore private messages offering services.Never enter your seed words in a website of any kind. Hardware wallets will recover by displaying possible seed words on their own interface, never on a website.Avoid clicking on links like that look like links, such as https://bit.ly/3mYaXko, without first hovering over it and actually checking where they go to. Just because a link is labelled with an HTTPS address does not mean it actually sends you to that address. It is trivial for someone to comment a link on Reddit that looks like it will send you to one website when it actually sends you to another, and you might not notice the difference until a scammer has gotten all your money, or you have downloaded and installed software that steals your money.Where can I spend bitcoin?Check out spendabit or bitcoin directory for millions of merchant options. Also you can spend bitcoin anywhere visa is accepted with bitcoin debit cards such as the CashApp card or Fold card. Some other useful site are listed below.StoreProductGyftGift cards for hundreds of retailers including Amazon, Target, Walmart, Starbucks, Whole Foods, CVS, Lowes, Home Depot, iTunes, Best Buy, Sears, Kohls, eBay, GameStop, etc.Spendabit, Overstock and The Bitcoin DirectoryRetail shopping with millions of resultsNewEgg and DellFor all your electronics needsCoinbills, Piixpay, Bitbill.eu, Bylls, Coins.ph, Bitrefill, LivingRoomofSatoshi, Coinsfer, and moreBill paymentMenufy and TakeawayTakeout delivered to your doorExpedia, Cheapair, Destinia, Abitsky, SkyTours, the Travel category on Gyft and 9flatsFor when you need to get awayCryptostorm, Mullvad, and PIAVPN servicesNamecheap, PorkbunDomain name registrationStampnikDiscounted USPS Priority, Express, First-Class mail postageCoinmap and AirBitz are helpful to find local businesses accepting bitcoin. A good resource for UK residents is at wheretospendbitcoins.co.uk.There are also lots of charities which accept bitcoin donations.Merchant ResourcesThere are several benefits to accepting bitcoin as a payment option if you are a merchant;1-3% savings over credit cards or PayPal.No chargebacks (final settlement in 10 minutes as opposed to 3+ months).Accept business from a global customer base.Increased privacy.Convert 100% of the sale to the currency of your choice for deposit to your account, or choose to keep a percentage of the sale in bitcoin if you wish to begin accumulating it.If you are interested in accepting bitcoin as a payment method, there are several options available;BTCPaySquare cashStripeWyreBlockonomics (direct to your wallet)Can I mine bitcoin?Mining bitcoin can be a fun learning experience, but be aware that you will most likely operate at a loss. Newcomers are often advised to stay away from mining unless they are only interested in it as a hobby similar to folding at home. If you want to learn more about mining you can read more here. Still have mining questions? The crew at /r/BitcoinMining would be happy to help you out.If you want to contribute to the bitcoin network by hosting the blockchain and propagating transactions you can run a full node. You can view the global node distribution here.Earning bitcoinJust like any other form of money, you can also earn bitcoin by being paid to do a job.SiteDescriptionWorkingForBitcoins, Bitwage, Cryptogrind, Coinality, Bitgigs, /r/Jobs4Bitcoins, BitforTip, Rein ProjectFreelancingLolliEarn bitcoin when you shop online!OpenBazaar, Purse.io, Bitify, /r/BitmarketMarketplaces/r/GirlsGoneBitcoin NSFWAdult servicesA-ads, Coinzilla.ioAdvertisingYou can also earn bitcoin by participating as a market maker on JoinMarket by allowing users to perform CoinJoin transactions with your bitcoin for a small fee (requires you to already have some bitcoin).Bitcoin-Related ProjectsThe following is a short list of ongoing projects that might be worth taking a look at if you are interested in current development in the bitcoin space.ProjectDescriptionLightning NetworkSecond layer scalingLiquid, Rootstock and DrivechainSidechainsHivemindPrediction marketsTierion and FactomRecords & Titles on the blockchainBitMarkets, DropZone, Beaver and Open BazaarDecentralized marketsJoinMarket and Wasabi WalletCoinJoin implementationDecentralized exhangesDecentralized bitcoin exchangesKeybaseIdentity & Reputation managementAbraGlobal P2P money transmitter networkBitcoreOpen source Bitcoin javascript libraryBitcoin UnitsOne Bitcoin is quite large (hundreds of £/$/€) so people often deal in smaller units. The most common subunits are listed below:UnitSymbolValueInfobitcoinBTC1 bitcoinone bitcoin is equal to 100 million satoshismillibitcoinmBTC1,000 per bitcoinused as default unit in recent Electrum wallet releasesbitbit1,000,000 per bitcoincolloquial "slang" term for microbitcoin (μBTC)satoshisat100,000,000 per bitcoinsmallest unit in bitcoin, named after the inventorFor example, assuming an arbitrary exchange rate of $10000 for one Bitcoin, a $10 meal would equal:0.001 BTC1 mBTC1,000 bits100k satsFor more information check out the Bitcoin units wiki.Still have questions? Feel free to ask in the comments below or stick around for our weekly Mentor Monday thread. If you decide to post a question in /r/Bitcoin, please use the search bar to see if it has been answered before, and remember to follow the community rules outlined on the sidebar to receive a better response. The mods are busy helping manage our community so please do not message them unless you notice problems with the functionality of the subreddit.Note: This is a community created FAQ. If you notice anything missing from the FAQ or that requires clarification you can edit it here and it will be included in the next revision pending approval.Welcome to the Bitcoin community and the new decentralized economy! via /r/Bitcoin https://bit.ly/3hMrmam
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